ACID, BASE AND SALT

ACID, BASE AND SALT

ACID

- Solutions of acids have a sour taste.

- They dissolve many metals and turn blue litmus paper 
     become red. 
-    Liquid (l) or aqua (aq) does not change the color of red  
     litmus, it means that 
      the color remains(=stays) red.

- Many acids occur naturally and some are essential for life.

- Produce hydrogen ions (H+) in solution with water 

     for example: HCl + H₂O →    H⁺ + Cl^- + H₂O

- The acid solution is a electrolyte solution.

- Produce a prickling or burning sensation,

     if they come into contact with the skin. 

    Example of Acid

•      Hydrochloric Acid (HCl)

•      Sulphuric Acid (H₂SO₄)

•      Cyanide Acid(HCN)

•      Nitric Acid (HNO₃)

BASE

 - A base is also called an alkali.

- When dissolved in water, bases feel slippery and taste 
     bitter.

- Solutions of bases turn red litmus paper become blue.  
     while the blue litmus remains blue

- The base solution is a electrolyte solution.

- Bases have many practical uses.

- Base as any chemical compound that yields hydroxide 
     ions (OH^-) when dissolved in water.

     for example:

         NaOH + H₂O  → Na⁺ + OH^- + H₂O

  example of base:

•      Potassium hydroxide (KOH) / kalium hidroksida

•      Barium hydroxide (Ba(OH)₂) / barium hidroksida

•      Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH) ₂) / kalsium hidroksida

•      Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) / natrium hidroksida

•      Magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)₂)

•      Strontium hydroxide (Sr(OH)₂)

SALT

- Neutralization, which an acid and a base form a salt.

- Acids and bases in water solution ionize (break down) 
     into positive and negative ions

    HCl → H⁺ + Cl^- 

     NaOH → Na⁺ + OH^-

- When the acid and base react together,

      H⁺ + Cl^- + Na⁺ + OH^- → NaCl + H₂O  

- The two remaining ions form a salt that usually stays in 
     solution as ions.

      If the water is evaporated, the salt can be recovered in 
     crystal form.

indicator	Acid solution	Base solution	Neutral
Red litmus	red	Blue	White
Blue litmus	red	Blue	White
Phenolphthtalein	Colourless	red	colourless
Bromothymol blue	Yellow	blue	Yellowish blue
Methyl red	Red	Yellow	Yellow
Methyl orange	Red	yellow	yellow

No	Properties	Acid	Base	Salt
1.	Taste	Sour	Bitter	Salty
2.	Produce in solvent	H+	OH-	Neutral
3.	React with other	Corrosive	Corrosive& Slippery	corrosive
4.	To conduct electric curent	OK	OK	OK
5	Degrees Of Sourness	pH ˂ 7	pH ˃ 7	pH = 7

Sifat asam ditunjukkan oleh perubahan warna indikator buatan dan indicator alami menjadi warna kemerahan, sedangkan sifat basa ditunjukkan oleh perubahan warna indikator buatan dan indikator alami menjadi warna kebiruan atau kehijauan.
Salah satu contoh indikator universal jenis larutan adalah larutan metil jingga (Metil Orange = MO). Pada pH kurang dari 6 larutan ini berwarna jingga, sedangkan pada pH lebih dari 7 warnanya menjadi kuning. Contoh indikator cair lainnya adalah indikator fenolftalin (Phenolphtalein = pp). pH di bawah 8, fenolftalin tidak berwarna, dan akan berwarna merah anggur apabila pH larutan di atas 10.
Warna kulit manggis adalah ungu (dalam keadaan netral). Jika ekstrak kulit manggis dibagi dua dan masing-masing diteteskan larutan asam dan basa, maka dalam larutan asam terjadi perubahan warna dari ungu menjadi cokelat kemerahan. Larutan basa yang diteteskan akan mengubah warna dari ungu menjadi biru kehitaman.